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              <text>West Bay: bindings&#13;
At the beginning or at the end of the route around the peninsula, towards the western bay, which is almost always serene and sheltered, we see on the rocks, over the deep water, traces of the ancient anchorages.&#13;
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              <text>Position of sign B. Quarry of Group C. Quarrying techniques, bindings, Counterweights, Cranes&#13;
                                                                                                                                           Wherever you look at this place the traces of quarrying activity which starts from the 6th century BC and stops at the 7th century AD, namely for twelve centuries uninterruptedly, are evident. The remains of the ancient quarrying techniques, but also the marks left by the local residents are now scattered in the area. The archaeologists studying the site have described the place as an open museum of ancient art. The area of Alyki supplied all the then known sculpture and architecture workshops in the Greek and later the Roman world. The marbles of Alyki adorn the monuments of the neighboring Samothrace, of Enos, of Athens and many Roman monuments as well, as the historian Plinius says, the Romans had a high regard for the Thassian marble. The tradition continued during the early Christian period, when, around the 7th century, the whole peninsula was abandoned, probably because of the Slavic invasions.&#13;
The crane which is represented by the drawing, is the so-called "lifting machine of the human cage." It is about a structure of two wooden beams in “Λ” shape, used for lifting heavy loads. The load was lifted or descended with ropes wrapped around a coil. The coil was linked with at least one radial wheel (cage) in which one or more men walked. In the picture the wheels of the lifting machine are two. Other ropes held the crane stable and controlled the change of inclination. Basic source of information for such machines is the Roman writer Vitruvius and his work: "On Architecture" (De Architectura).&#13;
From very early on, since the 3rd millennium BC, man used ramps to be able to lift heavy and bulky stones. In this way, imposing monuments were built, such as the megalithic monuments of prehistoric Europe, the pyramids of Egypt, the walls and the vaulted tombs of the Mycenaean world. However, the big breakthrough occurred in the 6th century BC, by the Greeks, who invented the pulleys, the hoists, the winches and the lifting machines. Modern lifting machines are nothing more than developments of these ancient inventions. The picture shows from the back side, the previous lifting machine with a human cage.</text>
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              <text>Quarry of Group C. Quarrying Techniques&#13;
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According to the researcher of the French Archaeological School, Manuela Wurch-Közelj, once a year, on the second moon in the beginning of the year, the water recedes a lot and visitors can get closer to the areas of the quarries, which remain covered by the sea during the rest of the year.&#13;
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Until today, the great advantage of Thassos, is the white, coarse marble, with significant additions of mica, which gave shine at the points of intersection, but it was difficult to get mined. From the 6th century BC that is the Archaic period, the exploitation of marble, as a structural material starts, continues throughout the rest of antiquity (classical and Hellenistic period) and flourishes in Roman and early Christian times. In particular, the area of Alyki had an additional advantage, as ships could easily reach the rocky coast, due to the big depth of the sea. The extraction of marble in large pieces, which often exceeded 25 tones and their loading to ships, was also ensured. The technology of that time helped the transfer of marbles on cylindrical logs and their transshipment with cranes on board.&#13;
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Quarrying techniques during the early Christian era&#13;
In the cited drawing, the quarrying technique which was in use during the early Christian era is visible.&#13;
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              <text>Quarries. Position of Sign A&#13;
In two separate positions in the area, explanatory signs have been placed by the Archaeological Service of Kavala - Thassos. From this position, which is at an altitude of about 30 meters from the sea, we have a good view of the western side of the peninsula where the old Christian quarry is. When the weather is good we also have a view of Athos, the peninsula of Mount Athos.&#13;
At this point, we see the explanatory sign of the archaeological service. It includes a topographical drawing of the early Christian quarries and designs where the various quarrying techniques are explained during the historical period. Moreover, a graphical representation shows the use and the transfer techniques of marbles, in the wider area. In addition, noticeable positions and findings of the area are presented.&#13;
An interesting feature of the site is the murals that quarry workers carved on the stones, in different periods. At this point we see Christian symbols and forms carved on marble.&#13;
The mural (carving) on the rock probably dates back to the early Christian era. Although this is draft work and therefore cannot be interpreted safely, French researchers, who studied the quarries of Alyki, believe that Christ might be presented (the figure with arms wide open) and Virgin Mary. What do you see?&#13;
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              <text>Quarries of phase C. Crane attachment points&#13;
At another point and near the sea level we notice the points of attachment and use of another lifting machine in the area, as illustrated in the cited picture. Compare the photo with the diagram below to see how a crane which was used to lift loads at that time was fastened. On the bedrock, the quarry workers opened two holes, keeping distance between them, in which they placed wooden pilings, where they tied the beams of the crane. In the cited picture, the southeast hole on the rock is also visible. However, it is often not seen due to the rippling waters.&#13;
Drawing of lifting and transportation of marble bulks.&#13;
A: Stabilization point of the "web" of the lifting machine in different inclinations, this "web" was at point D.&#13;
B: Ray wheel (cage) that rotated with the weight of one or more men who walked inside the cage.&#13;
C: Marble architectural piece transferred to the wharf with "columns", namely wooden reels used for its loading to a cargo ship of that time.&#13;
D: The "web" of the lifting machine, which consisted of two wooden beams in the shape of “Λ”. They were held in various inclinations, thanks to ropes which were tied with wooden pilings at point A. With the help of pulleys, ropes and the lifting force of the cage at point B, the "web" lifted and transported marble blocks to the ships waiting on the shore.</text>
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Down from where we are, we see a cylindrical marble bulk, which was possibly an order that never reached its destination.&#13;
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At the cited drawing, the mining method and the transport of marble blocks from the quarries of Group C are depicted, as it results from the archaeological research which has been done till now. Holes on the rock prove that lifting equipment was used (cranes), to lift the marble blocks that were placed on ships. The bollards of the ships have also been located by researchers. It is obvious that the sea level was at that time, much lower than it is today.</text>
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              <text>Quarry of group A. Lifting Techniques&#13;
The exploitation of marble began during antiquity, in the center of the peninsula. The quarries in the area of Alyki are classified into three groups which coincide with three different periods. The operation of the quarries of group A within the peninsula dates back from the 6th century, namely the Archaic period, and decays in the early Christian times. The exploitation of marble left several traces: rock sections, traces of the quarrying techniques and the cranes used to lift the blocks, but also breccia depositions, that is the waste created by the processing of the marble at the quarries of group B, which were promoted at the empty spaces of the quarries of group A.&#13;
Around the area we notice the obvious traces of ancient technology, as they have been saved until today, carved on the rock. In the picture we see the mounting hole of the side wooden beams of the crane, used for lifting and moving marble bulks. The wooden beams, probably from local pines that were cut on the spot and were processed appropriately, were able to withstand the loads that had to be moved.&#13;
On the bedrock you can notice, even today, the appropriate side to side carvings (noose), which were able to keep securely the ropes which were holding the core of the crane that was used in this quarry.&#13;
The cited drawing shows a crane with cage wheels, in which one or more men walked, so that the rotation of the cage would permit the lifting of the marble blocks. The method of the attachment of the machine on the ground is also distinguished, but also the hauling ropes with the pulleys, which were used to lift loads. Such machines were used for lifting very heavy loads.&#13;
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